The library
Everything we publish, in one place. Every claim on every page cites a named primary source; where the honest answer is an absence, the absence is printed rather than filled in.
medications A–Z
37 medications — each page carries the FDA approval journey with label quotes, safety signals with the caveats above the numbers, and who pays for prescriptions (Medicare, Medicaid, and the commercial absence).
- alprazolam (Xanax) — what the alprazolam (Xanax) warnings mean: label and trials
- amphetamine (Adderall) — amphetamine (Adderall): Boxed Warning on Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction, Side Effects
- aripiprazole (Abilify) — what the aripiprazole (Abilify) warnings mean: label and trials
- atomoxetine (Strattera) — what the atomoxetine (Strattera) warnings mean: label and trials
- buprenorphine — what the buprenorphine (Suboxone) warnings mean: label and trials
- bupropion (Wellbutrin) — what the bupropion (Wellbutrin) warnings mean: label and trials
- buspirone (BuSpar) — what the buspirone (BuSpar) warnings mean: label and trials
- citalopram (Celexa) — what the citalopram (Celexa) warnings mean: label and trials
- clonazepam (Klonopin) — what the clonazepam (Klonopin) warnings mean: label and trials
- desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) — what the desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) warnings mean: label and trials
- diazepam (Valium) — diazepam (Valium): Boxed Warning on Risks from Use with Opioids, Side Effects on the FDA Label
- duloxetine (Cymbalta) — what the duloxetine (Cymbalta) warnings mean: label and trials
- escitalopram (Lexapro) — what the escitalopram (Lexapro) warnings mean: label and trials
- esketamine — esketamine: Boxed Warning on Sedation, Side Effects, Drug Interactions
- fluoxetine (Prozac) — what the fluoxetine (Prozac) warnings mean: label and trials
- gabapentin (Neurontin) — what the gabapentin (Neurontin) warnings mean: label and trials
- guanfacine (Intuniv) — what the guanfacine (Intuniv) warnings mean: label and trials
- hydroxyzine (Vistaril) — what the hydroxyzine (Vistaril) warnings mean: label and trials
- lamotrigine (Lamictal) — what the lamotrigine (Lamictal) warnings mean: label and trials
- lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) — what the lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) warnings mean: label and trials
- lithium (lithium) — what the lithium (Lithobid) warnings mean: label and trials
- lorazepam (Ativan) — what the lorazepam (Ativan) warnings mean: label and trials
- lurasidone (Latuda) — what the lurasidone (Latuda) warnings mean: label and trials
- methylphenidate (Ritalin) — methylphenidate (Ritalin): Boxed Warning on Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction, Side Effects
- mirtazapine (Remeron) — what the mirtazapine (Remeron) warnings mean: label and trials
- modafinil (Provigil) — what the modafinil (Provigil) label says: warnings and trials
- olanzapine (Zyprexa) — what the olanzapine (Zyprexa) warnings mean: label and trials
- paroxetine (Paxil) — what the paroxetine (Paxil) warnings mean: label and trials
- quetiapine (Seroquel) — what the quetiapine (Seroquel) warnings mean: label and trials
- risperidone (Risperdal) — what the risperidone (Risperdal) warnings mean: label and trials
- sertraline (Zoloft) — what the sertraline (Zoloft) warnings mean: label and trials
- temazepam (Restoril) — what the temazepam (Restoril) warnings mean: label and trials
- trazodone (Desyrel) — what the trazodone (Desyrel) warnings mean: label and trials
- venlafaxine (Effexor) — what the venlafaxine (Effexor) warnings mean: label and trials
- vortioxetine (Trintellix) — what the vortioxetine (Trintellix) warnings mean: label and trials
- ziprasidone (Geodon) — ziprasidone (Geodon): Boxed Warning on Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia
- zolpidem (Ambien) — what the zolpidem (Ambien) warnings mean: label and trials
drug alerts — follow one drug by email and hear when its label, a regulator or a major trial changes something
why fda removed the glp-1 suicide warning — the january 2026 label change on semaglutide, liraglutide and tirzepatide, what fda reviewed, and the studies on both sides
supplements & unapproved substances
17 substances people buy without a prescription. Each page leads with the verbatim regulatory paragraph (sold under DSHEA, never reviewed for effectiveness, dose in the capsule unverified, approved for nothing), then the studies, then the risks, then what the research does not cover. Where the honest finding is futility rather than danger, the page says so.
- 5-HTP — What the trials show, and the serotonergic interactions that make it a pharmacist question
- Ashwagandha — The anxiety and stress trials, and the liver-injury reports
- Cannabidiol (CBD) — The anxiety evidence, the dose gap, and the liver signal
- Cannabis and THC — What the controlled evidence shows, separated from the policy argument
- Creatine — The depression syntheses, and why a raised creatinine reading is not kidney damage
- Kratom — Opioid pharmacology, dependence, and what the human evidence actually is
- L-Theanine — Nine small trials, none in a diagnosed anxiety disorder, and one null pooled estimate
- Magnesium — What the trials measured, and what deficiency correction does and does not tell you
- Melatonin — The sleep evidence, and how much melatonin is actually in the bottle
- Methylene Blue — An MAO-A inhibitor sold as a nootropic, and the serotonin-syndrome record
- Microdosing — Where placebo control is enforced, most of the benefit disappears
- N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) — The psychiatric trials, by condition, and where the pooled estimates land
- Omega-3 — The depression meta-analyses, the EPA/DHA split, and the heterogeneity problem
- Phenibut — Dependence and withdrawal, from the case record
- SAMe — The depression trials, and the mania and interaction signals
- St John’s Wort — The depression trials, and the interaction list that makes it dangerous with other drugs
- Valerian — A good safety record and an unconvincing efficacy record
Compared, side by side
33 head-to-head pages for the pairs people actually search — comparing the public record only (usage, payers, warnings, litigation), never ranking.
- escitalopram vs sertraline
- fluoxetine vs sertraline
- citalopram vs escitalopram
- citalopram vs sertraline
- escitalopram vs fluoxetine
- fluoxetine vs paroxetine
- bupropion vs sertraline
- bupropion vs escitalopram
- bupropion vs fluoxetine
- duloxetine vs venlafaxine
- sertraline vs venlafaxine
- duloxetine vs sertraline
- desvenlafaxine vs venlafaxine
- escitalopram vs vortioxetine
- mirtazapine vs trazodone
- mirtazapine vs sertraline
- buspirone vs hydroxyzine
- alprazolam vs clonazepam
- alprazolam vs lorazepam
- clonazepam vs diazepam
- alprazolam vs hydroxyzine
- trazodone vs zolpidem
- temazepam vs zolpidem
- amphetamine vs methylphenidate
- amphetamine vs lisdexamfetamine
- atomoxetine vs methylphenidate
- atomoxetine vs guanfacine
- olanzapine vs quetiapine
- aripiprazole vs risperidone
- aripiprazole vs quetiapine
- olanzapine vs risperidone
- lurasidone vs quetiapine
- lamotrigine vs lithium
legal & safety records
The litigation and recall record per drug, stated precisely: settled is never adjudicated, verdicts carry their reductions, and verified negatives state their coverage window.
the system, counted
How the headline numbers of mental health are actually produced — prevalence, trial durations, diagnosis counts — with every method break annotated.
- Checked: claims heard on podcasts and YouTube, against the record — One verdict per assertion from PubMed, FDA labels, CMS and Medicaid data, SAMHSA, NIMH, GAO and court filings; confirmed claims published as prominently as corrected ones
- What medical errors add up to — The cardiology-conference study (17.5% vs 24.8% mortality for the sickest heart-failure patients), the 44,000-to-98,000 and 251,454 death counts with the critique that called the latter very likely wrong, 23.6% of admissions with an adverse event, 1.5 million preventable adverse drug events, and what to ask
- How many adults take psychiatric medication? — Every federal number with its definition attached
- More treatment, same suicide rate — The CDC suicide rate from 1900 to 2023 beside treatment use, each on its own axis, and what the journals say
- Private equity in mental health care — Acquisitions from 32 facilities in 2010 to 1,330 in 2021; fewer nurses and fuller beds in PE psychiatric hospitals, shorter treatment in acquired addiction clinics, wider insurance acceptance; the Senate youth residential report and the $117M admissions settlement
- Lithium and the promoted brands — The cheap salt with the best hospital record, its fall from 30.4% to 17.6% of bipolar visits, Medicare’s $91 vs $9,662 per person, $0 in industry payments vs $19.7M for one brand, the dinners study, and the kidney and suicide-trial evidence the other way
- Antipsychotics in nursing homes — The 2005 warning, 88% of 2007 claims for dementia, three dementia-promotion settlements, the CMS measure that cut use to 14.1%, and the schizophrenia diagnoses that hid residents from it
- How psychiatric drug marketing feeds itself — The loop from short trial to speaker fee to prescription, what the best-paid psychiatrists prescribe, and what nobody measures long term
- Does psychiatric medication keep you out of hospital, or put you there? — Readmission rates, the register studies, the dose reduction trial, the measured risks of starting an antidepressant, and what nobody has studied
- What the best-paid psychiatrists publish about the drugs that pay them — 129 papers matched to four years of federal payment records and read one by one: 93 favorable, none concluding the drug does not work. Every paper listed.
- Drug company payments to psychiatrists near you — enter a ZIP code and read the 2024 federal payment records for the psychiatrists in that area: who paid, how much, and for which products
- Do genetic tests for psychiatric medication work? — GeneSight, Genomind and the rest: five randomised trials by their primary outcome, what the guideline bodies and the FDA say, and the one genetic test in psychiatry that everyone backs
- Staying on your antidepressant: what the column got right, and what it left out — A Men’s Health column checked claim by claim: the trial that backs staying on, the two withdrawal reviews that disagree, the guideline, and the author’s payment record
- How the drug was found — The discovery story behind every medication on the site, graded documented, legend or no source: the accidents that started each class, and the designed drugs that followed
- The book series — Sixteen widely read mental-health books, from Mania and Unshrunk to Dopamine Nation and Bad Therapy, each central claim checked against the record in both directions, with the author’s own incentives
- How many Americans have a mental illness? — SAMHSA’s survey count by age, 2021 to 2025, beside AHRQ’s hospital stays, cost and length of stay
- How autism got counted — Every method break annotated in CDC’s own words
- How childhood ADHD got counted
- How long psychiatric drugs were tested — Every study horizon in the library, counted
- The longest trial behind each approval — Trial weeks beside patient counts, drug by drug
- LGBTQ+ mental health in the data
- How homosexuality left the DSM — Westphal 1869 to the 1973 vote and the 1974 referendum: Kinsey’s 37 and 4 percent, Hooker’s 30 men, the replacement diagnoses that lasted until 1987, and the sampling problems and politics left in
- How transgender left the mental-disorders chapter — Hirschfeld 1910, the 1949 magazine article that coined “transsexual,” DSM-III to DSM-5, and the WHO’s 2019 move of gender incongruence into the sexual-health chapter, beside the Swedish registry findings that cut the other way
- Who was Thomas Szasz? — What he actually argued, from the scans: the 1960 sentence nobody quotes (“they are real enough”), “myth” in 1960 and “metaphor” only from 1973, abolition of commitment and the insanity plea, the private practice he ran for decades, the 1969 Scientology collaboration stated plainly, his own admission that the claim is not falsifiable, and what O’Connor, Addington and 50 state hold laws actually require
- The DSM: the book, the money, the count
- What the DSM is for
- Did psychiatry work backwards from its drugs? — The dopamine and serotonin theories were fitted to drug effects; five decades of antipsychotics share one mechanism; the imaging and genetic findings that cut the other way
- The mental health lexicon — Twenty terms where usage outran evidence
- Two numbers nobody measured — Two statistics about psychiatric medication and violence, traced to their sources
- Psychiatric drugs for children on Medicaid — The three measures every state reports about children and psychiatric medication — first-line psychosocial care, the metabolic blood tests, the 30-day ADHD follow-up — with Minnesota’s own rows, why hydroxyzine is not a benzodiazepine, where FDA approval for young children exists, and four questions to take to an appointment
follow the money
Who funds the research, the education, the advocacy, and the coverage — from federal filings and the organizations’ own disclosures. Payments are facts, not verdicts; the framing travels with every number.
- What the fraud settlements add up to — Ten DOJ resolutions that named a psychiatric drug, about $12.6 billion, eight guilty pleas, on one table
- How your doctor gets paid — Look up any US physician’s industry payments
- Who funds psychiatric drug research
- Who funds doctors’ education
- Who funds mental health advocacy
- Who funds the nonprofits
- Pharma and the news
- How pharma makes and spends money — Revenue, R&D, SG&A and psychiatric drug sales, from the 10-Ks
- Who pays for the FDA? — Appropriations vs user fees, the 73%-fee-funded drug center, and the drug industry’s third of the agency, from the FY2026 operating plan
- Who funds the APA, the AMA, SAMHSA and NIMH? — The psychiatric APA’s IRS return, the psychological APA’s audit, the AMA’s CPT royalties and the HIPAA rule behind them, Open Payments, and the 2026 SAMHSA and NIMH appropriations
- What is a PBM? — The middlemen between your prescription and its price
- Who profits from US health care — Six sectors, ten years, 28 named SEC filers — margins and growth against CPI
- Where the money goes — US health spending, prices and named-basket profits as time series, 1960 to today
- What changed — A dated record of FDA label revisions to the medications we cover, checked daily
- Who funds veisund — The question we ask of everyone else, answered about ourselves
health questions, answered from primaries
The questions people actually search, answered from trials, labels, and regulators — including the ones where the honest answer is “the evidence is thin.”
- Is depression a chemical imbalance? — The 1965 and 1967 hypotheses, the 2022 umbrella review of 17 studies in its own words, the 35-author reply and the authors’ answer, a 37-person PET study, the 2007 depletion meta-analysis, the 522-trial Lancet network, the sertraline label’s one mechanism sentence, and what NIMH and the APA say today
- Is the government banning SSRIs? — No federal document bans them: the May 4, 2026 HHS Dear Colleague letter quoted (it never names SSRIs), the 2025 MAHA working group, no FDA antidepressant safety communication in 2025 or 2026, the label as it reads now, and the evidence on overprescribing both ways
- Why FDA removed the GLP-1 suicide warning — The January 13, 2026 communication: 91 trials and 107,910 patients, a 2,243,138-person Sentinel study, EMA’s 2024 conclusion, what the semaglutide, liraglutide and tirzepatide labels say now, and the cohort studies on both sides
- Telehealth ADHD prescriptions after December 31, 2026 — The DEA/HHS flexibilities end with December 31, 2026 (90 FR 61301); the special-registration final rule at OIRA since August 25, 2026; the Ryan Haight in-person rule; the permanent buprenorphine rule; questions to ask now
- Is it ok to use ChatGPT as a therapist? — The one randomised trial (Therabot, n=210, waitlist control), two meta-analyses that disagree by 2.5x, the Stanford bridges test, the RAND suicide-risk study, FDA’s zero authorised devices, the APA advisory, and the Illinois, Nevada and Utah laws of 2025
- Mental health help without going to the hospital — What 988 does and when it calls 911 (SAMHSA’s own FAQ), the matched study and the randomised trial of mobile crisis teams, the 2026 four-state Medicaid analysis of crisis stabilization units, the Houston services by name, and SAMHSA’s own list of when the hospital is the right call
- Free therapy: what exists and how to get it — Health centers that cannot turn you away, Medicaid, Vet Centers, EAPs, training clinics, Open Path, and what each route cannot do; by city below it
- Sliding-scale therapy: how do you qualify? — The 42 CFR 51c.303 bands, what proof of income is asked for, Open Path’s $100,000 cutoff, Medicaid’s $4 copays, and a checker that does the arithmetic
- Antidepressants in pregnancy: what the brain scans show — Six imaging studies 2016 to 2026 on one table, the 2026 fetal-MRI finding with its own caveats, and the meta-analysis where fathers’ prescriptions predicted the same outcomes
- How to find the right therapist — The therapist is about 5% of outcome but recovery rates ran 23.5% to 95.6% across 119 therapists; degree and experience barely predict it; the one randomized matching trial used therapists’ measured track records, which no consumer quiz has; six steps and a switch rule
- How long is the wait for a psychiatrist? — Seven secret-shopper studies one by one (appointments 11 to 27% of calls; medians 11 days Phoenix Medicaid to 67 days in-person), the 2026 commercial ghost-network study, HHS-OIG on inactive directory listings and self-reported waits, HRSA shortage areas (154.6 million people) and projections, Minnesota, and what exists while you wait
- How long should therapy take? — 4 to 26 sessions in routine care, 95% of responders by session 14, frequency beats length, the contested long-term case, and six sourced questions to ask before session one
- Does ERP work for OCD? — Exposure and response prevention cut Y-BOCS by 14.5 points vs placebo against 4.7 for clomipramine and 3.5 for SSRIs in a 54-trial network; 62% vs 42% vs 70% vs 8% in the head-to-head; 80% of therapy trials allowed antidepressants; a quarter of adults have had obsessions, 2.3% have had OCD
- When an antidepressant stops working — Tachyphylaxis in 9 to 57% across trials and 25% of 171 maintenance periods in a 20-year cohort; each prior course cut the odds of responding to the next by a fifth; the seven candidate causes, the four strategies with limited evidence, and what to ask a prescriber
- Antidepressants and emotional blunting — 46% of 669 treated patients reported blunting, no difference by drug, tracks depression score (r 0.52) yet exceeds recovered controls; escitalopram lowered reinforcement sensitivity in 66 healthy volunteers; 38% called the numbness positive
- Am I too hard on myself? — Self-criticism and depression (r −0.54 for self-compassion in 20 samples, partly a measurement artefact; r −.20 with therapy outcome in 49 studies), self-compassion programs vs waitlist (d 0.64) and vs active treatments (no difference in one review), the four experiments on motivation, the smokers and gamblers on the other side, and a reflection prompt
- What works that costs nothing — Eight formulas from the Lancet, BMJ and JAMA Psychiatry anyone can start this week: the dose, the trial, the size, the catch
- Does changing what you eat treat depression? — SMILES, AMMEND and HELFIMED beside the 16-trial meta-analysis (g 0.16), PREDIMED’s not-significant primary result and the 1,025-person MooDFOOD null
- The 1991 hearing and the thirteen-year warning — What the FDA committee had in hand in 1991, why the 2004 box came from trials that did not exist yet, the 2007 age gradient, and the four claims from the post checked against the record
- Who warned about antidepressants in pregnancy — FDA and MHRA notices in order, the numbers inside them, and the 2011 walk-back; unread agencies listed as unverified
- The overdose the prescription was part of — Benzodiazepine plus opioid death records, the 2016 boxed warning, polypharmacy risk, and the two findings that cut the other way
- Do any supplements actually work?
- Does ashwagandha work for anxiety?
- Does trazodone work for sleep? — Approved for depression, prescribed for sleep: the trials, the Cochrane review and the sleep guideline
- Does hydroxyzine work for anxiety? — The Cochrane review, the two largest trials, and the heart-rhythm warning with its dose limits
- Does CBD help anxiety?
- St John’s wort: the interaction list
- Is kratom dangerous?
- SSRI sexual side effects — 25.8% to 80.3% when someone asks, the Cochrane options, the 2019 EMA warning, and post-SSRI sexual dysfunction (PSSD) by name
- Ketamine vs esketamine: FDA status
- Psychedelic therapy: the FDA status table
- AI mental health tools: FDA status
- What each medication is approved FOR
- Postpartum depression: the evidence
- Depression & anxiety in pregnancy
- Depression and trauma after miscarriage
- Does infertility cause depression?
- Sex, fertility, and mental health
- Male loneliness: what actually moves it
- AI vs human support
glossary
34 plain-English definitions — the vocabulary needed to read medication evidence and litigation coverage precisely, each with a worked example from this site’s own record.
- Peer support
- Emotional support
- Support group
- Active listening
- Social isolation
- Co-regulation
- Mutual aid
- Anonymous support
- Boxed warning (black box warning)
- Off-label use
- Discontinuation syndrome
- Half-life
- Pivotal trial
- Open-label extension
- Effect size
- Number needed to treat (NNT)
- Placebo response
- FAERS (FDA adverse event reporting system)
- Bioequivalence
- Recall classes (class I, II, III)
- MDL (multidistrict litigation)
- Bellwether trial
- Settled vs. adjudicated
- Dual-eligible (medicare under 65)
- Pay-for-delay
- REMS (risk evaluation and mitigation strategy)
- Relative vs absolute risk
- Intention-to-treat vs per-protocol
- Wait-list control
- Warning letter (FDA)
- Complete response letter (CRL)
- Sentinel surveillance
- Survey response rate
- Confidence interval
tools
Interactive, free, and no email required.
- How your doctor gets paid — Open Payments lookup with company pivots
- How long were they tested before approval? — The pivotal trials behind all 37 medications — weeks, people, comparator, NDA
- Side-effect rates, drug vs placebo — The label’s own adverse-reaction table for all 37 medications
- Therapy cost calculator — Per month and per year — in-person, online, insurance, sliding scale
- Sliding-scale checker — Household size and income against the 2026 federal poverty guidelines
- What do you actually need? — Six questions, no email
- Minnesota, city by city — Crisis links, the state health department’s own numbers, ZIP-area prescribing and the payment lookup pre-filled, for 42 Minnesota cities
- Children on Medicaid, state by state — All 51 states ranked on the three measures every state reports about children and psychiatric medication — psychosocial care before a new antipsychotic, the two metabolic blood tests, the 30-day ADHD follow-up — with a page per state carrying its own rates, denominators, rank and four questions written from them
checked claims
90 things said on podcasts and youtube about psychiatric medication, diagnosis and the health system, taken to the primary record. one verdict per assertion, confirmed as loudly as corrected.
- every check, with the verdict ratio — the index
- is aripiprazole fda approved for ocd? no, and the label shows it — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- did couple therapy gains last two years, with only a little loss by five? — overstated, The Carlat Psychiatry Podcast
- do a little over two in 100 adults meet criteria for ocd at some point in life? — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- does the risperidone label for adult schizophrenia go up to 16 mg a day? — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- did forgetfulness go from 31% to 44% to 41% across menopause in a study of 16,000 women? — misattributed, Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast
- has the va used integrative behavioral couple therapy as its couple treatment for 16 years? — unverifiable, The Carlat Psychiatry Podcast
- is anti-nmda receptor encephalitis behind two to four percent of postpartum psychosis? — overstated, Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast
- do fewer than 20% of us bipolar patients get lithium, versus over half elsewhere? — overstated, Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast
- is ocd about twice as common as schizophrenia? more like three to six times — undersold, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- is postpartum depression about twice as likely to be bipolar as depression at other times? — unverifiable, Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast
- do about 98% of women with postpartum psychosis reach full remission? — confirmed, Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast
- does talking about a trauma right afterward make things worse? — overstated, Huberman Lab
- is anorexia the most deadly psychiatric disorder? — overstated, Huberman Lab
- do two-thirds of homeless people have a mental illness, and two-thirds a substance use disorder? — overstated, PsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast
- did housing first beat usual care in canada's at home/chez soi trial, especially for high needs? — overstated, PsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast
- did housing first participants still do better than usual care seven years later? — overstated, PsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast
- do housing first trials show better housing but not better symptoms or substance use? — confirmed, PsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast
- did about half of women without lithium relapse within a year after a postpartum psychosis? — unverifiable, Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast
- is the evidence that cbt works for schizophrenia poor? — confirmed, Lex Fridman Podcast
- for mild depression, does cbt work better than antidepressants, with fewer side effects? — overstated, Lex Fridman Podcast
- does clozapine work better than other antipsychotics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia? — overstated, Lex Fridman Podcast
- does cochrane rate the evidence for cbt as at best low to moderate certainty? — confirmed, Lex Fridman Podcast
- did a 2026 study report a clinic cutting psychiatry waits from 10 months to six weeks? — confirmed, The Carlat Psychiatry Podcast
- does fda approval need only two winning trials, no matter how many failed? — overstated, Lex Fridman Podcast
- do adhd stimulants like amphetamine slow children's growth and affect sleep? — confirmed, Huberman Lab
- does bupropion carry a substantial seizure risk in anorexia and bulimia, and is it the electrolytes? — overstated, PsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast
- is paliperidone the antipsychotic most likely to raise prolactin, with others in the middle? — overstated, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- are a bmi under 16, under 75% of expected weight, and rapid weight loss refeeding risks? — confirmed, PsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast
- do risperidone and all first-generation antipsychotics reliably raise prolactin? — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- are sexual side effects one of the most common reasons young people stop antipsychotics? — overstated, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- did the fda add a boxed warning on complex sleep behaviors to the z-drugs in 2019? — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- did nice conclude cbt beats antidepressants for milder depression, with fewer side effects? — overstated, Lex Fridman Podcast
- is the united states the biggest consumer of prescription drugs in the world? — confirmed, Huberman Lab
- was the major malformation rate about 4% after first-trimester z-drug exposure in both data sets? — unverifiable, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- was zolpidem fda approved in 1992 for short-term treatment of insomnia? yes — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- are amitriptyline and nortriptyline rarely used for depression, at much lower migraine doses? — overstated, The Peter Attia Drive
- do cochrane reviews rate the evidence for cbt as low or moderate certainty at best? — confirmed, Lex Fridman Podcast
- do depression and anxiety travel with migraine, in both directions? — confirmed, The Peter Attia Drive
- are most antidepressants prescribed by primary care doctors, not psychiatrists? — confirmed, Lex Fridman Podcast
- were there about 300 psychoanalysts in north america around 1930 — overstated, Lex Fridman Podcast
- did an american neurologist develop the rest cure, aimed mainly at women? — confirmed, Lex Fridman Podcast
- does cbt beat antidepressants for mild depression, with fewer side effects? — overstated, Lex Fridman Podcast
- did major drug companies abandon psychiatric drug research? — overstated, Lex Fridman Podcast
- did remote therapy rise during covid when in-person visits stopped? — confirmed, Lex Fridman Podcast
- did 35% on memantine vs 7.1% of controls rate very much improved in a 44-patient ocd study? — unverifiable, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- is the worldwide lifetime prevalence of ocd roughly 1% to just over 2%? — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- did a study find 53% of women with postpartum psychosis have delusions about the infant? — confirmed, Psychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast
- did riluzole beat placebo for treatment-resistant ocd in children? no, and the numbers mostly hold — unverifiable, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- did the sino trial randomize over 3,000 inpatients aged 18 to 45 at 32 hospitals in china? — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- were there hundreds of thousands of patients in us mental hospitals around 1930? — confirmed, Lex Fridman Podcast
- is the labeled adult aripiprazole dose for schizophrenia 10-15 mg a day, with a 30 mg maximum — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- did each point of baseline ocd severity cut the odds of ssri response by about 8%? — confirmed, The Carlat Psychiatry Podcast
- did a 2025 study pool four trials of more than 600 kids aged 6 to 18 with ocd? yes — confirmed, The Carlat Psychiatry Podcast
- did aripiprazole have the lowest sedation rate, 4%, of seven antipsychotics in the sino trial? — unverifiable, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- were kids on ssris nearly twice as likely to respond in the 2025 pediatric ocd meta-analysis? — overstated, The Carlat Psychiatry Podcast
- did about 100,000 people in the us die of opioid overdoses last year? — false, Huberman Lab
- did fluvoxamine get fda approval for ocd in 1994? — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- is fluvoxamine fda approved for ocd in adults and children eight and older? — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- does the fluvoxamine label allow adult ocd doses up to 300 mg a day? — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- is fluvoxamine fda approved for major depression? no, its u.s. labels list only ocd — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- do ssris lower pediatric ocd scores by only about 3 points more than placebo? — confirmed, The Carlat Psychiatry Podcast
- does the aripiprazole label call for half the dose with a strong cyp2d6 inhibitor like bupropion? — confirmed, PsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast
- can carbamazepine lower quetiapine levels by 80-90%? the primary record says yes — confirmed, PsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast
- did 67% to 82% of catie patients quit their antipsychotic because it failed or because of side effects? — misattributed, Lex Fridman Podcast
- did the catie trial find the newer antipsychotics no more effective than the older drug? — overstated, Lex Fridman Podcast
- does nice say cbt works better than antidepressants for milder depression? — overstated, Lex Fridman Podcast
- does smoking lower clozapine and olanzapine levels by 30-50%? — confirmed, PsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast
- did 15% of 687 psychiatry referrals get a brief phone consult instead of an assessment? — unverifiable, The Carlat Psychiatry Podcast
- is bupropion contraindicated in people with current or past anorexia or bulimia? — confirmed, PsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast
- are cyp2d6 poor metabolizers 5-10% of people of european ancestry? — confirmed, PsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast
- is a heart rate below 40 the guideline line for urgent admission in eating disorders? — undersold, PsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast
- did a new meta-analysis find trazodone cut depression scores by an smd of 0.365 across eight trials? — unverifiable, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- did a meta-analysis find trazodone improved sleep quality versus placebo by an smd of 0.827? — unverifiable, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- do adhd stimulants and modafinil all increase dopamine in the brain — overstated, Huberman Lab
- does adding aripiprazole to another antipsychotic reliably lower prolactin? — overstated, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- do antidepressants beat placebo by only one or two points on depression scales? — misattributed, Lex Fridman Podcast
- is compass pathways' psilocybin therapy close to fda approval? — confirmed, Huberman Lab
- do guidelines recommend depression screening during pregnancy and after birth? — confirmed, The Peter Attia Drive
- do 40% or more of people with depression not respond to antidepressants? — confirmed, Lex Fridman Podcast
- does one executive order fast-track both ibogaine and other psychedelics? — overstated, Huberman Lab
- did the fda approve trazodone for depression in 1981? — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- is ibogaine on track for fda approval before mdma or psilocybin? — false, Huberman Lab
- has ibogaine never been tested in university drug trials? — overstated, Huberman Lab
- was medicaid postpartum coverage limited to 60 days before states extended it? — confirmed, The Peter Attia Drive
- are methylphenidate, modafinil and armodafinil all stimulants used for adhd? — overstated, Huberman Lab
- does nice tell clinicians in england to use cbt rather than antidepressants first? — overstated, Lex Fridman Podcast
- is taking someone else's adhd stimulant illegal and risky for addiction and side effects? — confirmed, Huberman Lab
- do stimulants calm children with adhd instead of making them more hyperactive? — confirmed, Huberman Lab
- did blurred vision have an odds ratio of 18 in the trazodone-for-sleep-in-depression meta-analysis? — confirmed, Psychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates
- are toddlers on medicaid being put on anti-anxiety drugs in large numbers — misattributed, a Substack newsletter
the evidence library
Every study behind the pages above, individually summarized and scored for trust — design, funding, venue, sample size, preregistration.
Browse the scored evidence library → — or start from the blog and our experts.