checked

things people say about psychiatric medication, diagnosis and the health system, on podcasts and on youtube, taken to the primary record. not a gotcha. the people repeating these claims are mostly right to distrust the standard story, and the only honest way to join that conversation is to go and look, and to say so just as loudly when the claim holds up.

how it works: we quote one sentence, with the show, the date and the timestamp, and link the original. we pull the claim apart into assertions and check each one against the record itself (pubmed abstracts, fda labels, cms and medicaid files, samhsa, nimh, gao, court dockets), never from memory and never from advocacy sites. each assertion gets one of six verdicts, and the page says what the data cannot answer, our own method included. speakers are described by their role on the show, not named.

the six verdicts

• confirmedthe primary source says it, at that magnitude
• undersoldthe real number is bigger, or worse, than claimed
• overstateddirectionally right; magnitude or certainty inflated
• misattributeda real number attached to the wrong thing
• unverifiableno method, no file, or the data cannot answer it
• falsethe primary source contradicts it

the ratio, so far: 248 of 373 assertions came back confirmed or undersold. if that number stays low for long, the pipeline is selecting for outrage and gets re-pointed.

every check

1. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-23·3 primary sources

   is aripiprazole fda approved for ocd? no, and the label shows it

   “Our epiprozole, for example, is not FDA approved for OCD.” — a host, at 01:24

   the host is right: aripiprazole is not FDA approved for obsessive-compulsive disorder. ocd is not among the indications on the reference prescribing information for the oral tablets, or on a current generic oral label.

2. overstatedThe Carlat Psychiatry Podcast·2026-10-19·5 primary sources

   did couple therapy gains last two years, with only a little loss by five?

   “We gave them 26 sessions over about six to eight months and that showed effectiveness that last step for a full two year follow-up. There was a little bit of loss over five years.” — a guest, a distinguished research professor of psychology at UCLA, at 38:10

   most of this checks out. the trial is real and it did follow 134 seriously and chronically distressed married couples for five years with no more treatment. about 8 months of therapy left 69% of the couples in the integrative arm clinically improved two years later, and average satisfaction at five years was still well above where couples started.

3. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-23·3 primary sources

   do a little over two in 100 adults meet criteria for ocd at some point in life?

   “A little over two in 100 adults meet criteria at some point in life.” — a host, at 01:15

   the number holds up. the main us national survey put lifetime ocd among adults at 2.3%, which is "a little over two in 100", and nimh publishes that same figure today.

4. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-23·2 primary sources

   does the risperidone label for adult schizophrenia go up to 16 mg a day?

   “Its label for adult schizophrenia goes as high as 16 milligrams a day.” — a host, at 08:41

   the number is right. the current risperidone prescribing information lists the effective dose range for adults with schizophrenia as 4 to 16 mg a day, so 16 mg is the top of the range the label prints.

5. misattributedPsychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast·2026-10-24·3 primary sources

   did forgetfulness go from 31% to 44% to 41% across menopause in a study of 16,000 women?

   “in one study of 16,000 women, forgetfulness complaints rose from 31%, before menopause, to 44%, in early, perimenopause, then stayed at 41%, after perimenopause.” — a host, at 47:49

   the study is real: the 1995–97 baseline survey of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) enrolled 16,065 women aged 40–55. the 31% premenopausal and 44% perimenopausal forgetfulness figures match published reviews of that survey, and so does the main point that forgetfulness complaints are more common in perimenopause than before it.

6. unverifiableThe Carlat Psychiatry Podcast·2026-10-19·5 primary sources

   has the va used integrative behavioral couple therapy as its couple treatment for 16 years?

   “For the last 16 years, the US Department of Veterans Affairs, which is the largest provider of healthcare in the country, has adopted IVCT as its evidence-based treatment.” — a guest, a distinguished research professor of psychology at UCLA, at 40:25

   the VA does use integrative behavioral couple therapy as its evidence-based couple therapy and trains clinicians in it across the whole system; a 2025 VA document calls it "the evidence-based protocol for couple therapy currently used" in the veterans health administration. VA also describes its health system as the largest integrated health care system in the US.

7. overstatedPsychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast·2026-09-26·3 primary sources

   is anti-nmda receptor encephalitis behind two to four percent of postpartum psychosis?

   “anti-NMDA, which is about two to four percent, but it's a small amount” — a guest, a psychiatrist, at 16:24

   the speaker has the size of it right: anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis explains only a small share of postpartum psychosis. the low end of the range, about two percent, matches the one systematic screening study we found.

8. overstatedPsychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast·2026-09-18·3 primary sources

   do fewer than 20% of us bipolar patients get lithium, versus over half elsewhere?

   “in the US, like less than 20% gets lithium, whereas in the rest of the world, more than half of the bipolar patients get lithium.” — a guest, a psychiatrist and director of a women's mental health center, at 31:11

   The US half of this checks out. US office-visit data show lithium in roughly 14 to 17% of bipolar care since the late 2000s, and US use does trail Europe's and Asia's.

9. undersoldPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-14·5 primary sources

   is ocd about twice as common as schizophrenia? more like three to six times

   “That makes it about twice as common as schizophrenia.” — a host, at 01:16

   the direction is right: by every primary estimate we read, more people have OCD over their lifetime than have schizophrenia. "twice as common" is the cautious version of what the record shows, not the inflated one.

10. unverifiablePsychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast·2026-09-18·4 primary sources

    is postpartum depression about twice as likely to be bipolar as depression at other times?

    “depression's occurring in the postpartum period are more often bipolar depression than depression's at other times, that is an old ratio of two.” — a guest, a psychiatrist and director of a women's mental health center, at 21:46

    the direction is right. a first psychiatric episode that starts soon after childbirth is followed by a bipolar diagnosis more often than an episode that starts at other times, and three separate lines of research we read point the same way.

11. confirmedPsychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast·2026-09-18·3 primary sources

    do about 98% of women with postpartum psychosis reach full remission?

    “So postpartum psychosis like amazing, like 98% gets fully better as in really our criteria for getting better or strict.” — a guest, a psychiatrist and director of a women's mental health center, at 13:45

    The number is real. In a cohort of 64 women admitted for postpartum psychosis, 98.4% reached complete remission, defined as no psychotic, manic or severe depressive symptoms for at least a week. The paper ran in the American Journal of Psychiatry.

12. overstatedHuberman Lab·2026-09-03·5 primary sources

    does talking about a trauma right afterward make things worse?

    “one of the things that people thought might help after a trauma like a school shooting or whatever you know car accident is to talk about it and in but in fact that ended up being counterproductive.” — a guest, a neuroscientist (sleep researcher), at 26:15

    the speaker is right that the structured single-session debriefing used after disasters and accidents in the 1980s and 1990s did not prevent ptsd, and that in some trials people who got it did worse than people who didn't. that includes a car-crash trial in which the debriefed group was worse off three years later.

13. overstatedHuberman Lab·2026-09-14·2 primary sources

    is anorexia the most deadly psychiatric disorder?

    “it's the most deadly of the psychiatric disorders.” — a host, a neuroscientist, at 55:13

    anorexia nervosa does carry one of the highest mortality risks in psychiatry. people with it die at roughly six times the expected rate, and outside the substance use disorders, no condition in the main mortality meta-review ranks higher.

14. overstatedPsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast·2026-09-01·3 primary sources

    do two-thirds of homeless people have a mental illness, and two-thirds a substance use disorder?

    “about two-thirds of the homeless population has a current diagnosable mental illness and about the same percentage have a current substance use disorder.” — a guest, a psychiatrist and senior scientist at CAMH, at 07:00

    the first half holds. the largest global meta-analysis puts current mental disorder among people experiencing homelessness at 67%, which is two-thirds, and a high-income-country meta-analysis puts it higher, at 76%.

15. overstatedPsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast·2026-09-01·4 primary sources

    did housing first beat usual care in canada's at home/chez soi trial, especially for high needs?

    “Housing first works much better than used well care especially for those that have the highest support needs those that have a primary psychologicalness.” — a guest, a psychiatrist and senior scientist at CAMH, at 25:58

    the housing part holds up, and the gap is big. across the five cities, high-needs participants given housing first with assertive community treatment spent 71% of their time stably housed over two years, against 29% for usual care. the one long follow-up, which covers only the toronto site, found the advantage lasting six years and larger for high-needs participants than for moderate-needs participants.

16. overstatedPsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast·2026-09-01·2 primary sources

    did housing first participants still do better than usual care seven years later?

    “Even seven years later those that were in the house and first did so much better than those that got usual care” — a guest, a psychiatrist and senior scientist at CAMH, at 26:23

    the core of this is true. in the toronto arm of the at home/chez soi trial, people randomized to housing first were still stably housed on more days than the usual-care group six years in, and the gap was largest for people with high support needs.

17. confirmedPsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast·2026-09-01·4 primary sources

    do housing first trials show better housing but not better symptoms or substance use?

    “We have an necessarily seen improvements in all outcomes with housing first such as consistent improvement in mental health symptoms or substance use health issues” — a guest, a psychiatrist and senior scientist at CAMH, at 30:53

    The speaker's claim holds up. In the randomized trials, Housing First keeps people housed for far more days than usual care. Mental health symptoms and substance use are not consistently better than in usual care, and in the largest Canadian trial they were no better on any measure.

18. unverifiablePsychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast·2026-09-18·5 primary sources

    did about half of women without lithium relapse within a year after a postpartum psychosis?

    “the women without lithium, we saw unfortunately that half of them relapsed within a year after delivery.” — a guest, a psychiatrist and director of a women's mental health center, at 25:34

    the speaker's group has published this kind of finding. in their 2012 cohort, 44.4% of women with a history of postpartum-only psychosis who declined postpartum prophylaxis relapsed after delivery, while none of the 20 who took it did. that is close to "about half."

19. confirmedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-20·5 primary sources

    is the evidence that cbt works for schizophrenia poor?

    “If I look at the literature on CBT, for example, and its uses in cases of schizophrenia, the evidence is pretty poor that it works.” — a guest, historian of psychiatry (Andrew Scull), at 17:19

    the speaker is right on the main point. pooled trials of cbt for schizophrenia find small effects, the effects shrink toward zero when outcome raters are blinded, and independent reviews rate the certainty of the evidence low or very low.

20. overstatedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-20·3 primary sources

    for mild depression, does cbt work better than antidepressants, with fewer side effects?

    “for the milder forms of depression, I think CBT works better than the drugs without some of the side effects that the the drugs have.” — a guest, historian of psychiatry (Andrew Scull), at 18:03

    antidepressants add little over placebo for milder depression, and they carry side effects that talking therapy does not. people also drop out of psychotherapy less often than out of drug treatment, and the benefit of psychotherapy holds up better at 6–12 months.

21. overstatedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-20·5 primary sources

    does clozapine work better than other antipsychotics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia?

    “it tends to it turns out it tends to work better in treatment-resistant cases, meaning cases don't respond to the other um antipsychotics that we have” — a guest, a historian of psychiatry (Andrew Scull), at 16:25

    clozapine is the one antipsychotic with randomized evidence built specifically around people whose schizophrenia did not respond to other antipsychotics. in the trial behind its approval, 30% of treatment-resistant patients responded on clozapine against 4% on chlorpromazine, and it still beats first-generation drugs like haloperidol in pooled data.

22. confirmedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-20·6 primary sources

    does cochrane rate the evidence for cbt as at best low to moderate certainty?

    “The Cochrane reviews, which are a systematic attempt to assess how strong the evidence for particular approaches to disease of all sorts are say that at best the evidence for CBT is of low and medium confidence, you know?” — a guest, historian of psychiatry (Andrew Scull), at 17:37

    The speaker has this right. In every Cochrane review of cognitive behavioral therapy we opened, the best evidence was rated moderate (Cochrane's word for what the speaker called "medium"). Most outcomes were rated low or very low, and none were rated high.

23. confirmedThe Carlat Psychiatry Podcast·2026-09-28·2 primary sources

    did a 2026 study report a clinic cutting psychiatry waits from 10 months to six weeks?

    “how did a community clinic reduce wait times for new psychiatric appointments from 10 months to six weeks?” — a host, a psychiatrist, at 00:55

    the study is real and says it: a 2026 quality improvement paper from a Canadian community hospital's outpatient psychiatry service reports average wait times falling from about 10 months to about 6 weeks after it started structured triage and phone consults with family doctors.

24. overstatedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-20·4 primary sources

    does fda approval need only two winning trials, no matter how many failed?

    “to get FDA approval of efficacy and safety, you needed two trials. You might have conducted 15 trials and 13 of them had been failures, but if you had two that worked, that was enough.” — a guest, a historian of psychiatry (Andrew Scull), at 18:19

    The speaker is right about the old rule. For decades the FDA's stated position was that the 1962 law required "at least two adequate and well-controlled studies, each convincing on its own." The speaker is also right that drugs have been approved even though many of their trials failed. FDA reviews of antidepressant approvals show about half of the submitted placebo-controlled trials came out positive.

25. confirmedHuberman Lab·2026-09-21·3 primary sources

    do adhd stimulants like amphetamine slow children's growth and affect sleep?

    “it's remarkable but they're worried about the reduced uh growth effects.” — a host, at 2:14:53

    both halves of the claim hold up. the current fda label for an extended-release amphetamine product says stimulants slow growth in children and lists insomnia as one of the most common side effects. the largest long-term study we found ties years of stimulant use to shorter adult height.

26. overstatedPsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast·2026-10-01·3 primary sources

    does bupropion carry a substantial seizure risk in anorexia and bulimia, and is it the electrolytes?

    “adding buropropion on top of that carries a substantial risk of seizure.” — a host, a psychiatry resident, at 12:40

    the core of this is right. bupropion carries an FDA contraindication for anyone with a current or past diagnosis of bulimia or anorexia nervosa because seizures were seen more often in these patients, and the trial that started it saw four grand mal seizures in a bupropion arm of 55 people with bulimia, a rate well above anything seen in earlier studies of the drug.

27. overstatedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-09-23·4 primary sources

    is paliperidone the antipsychotic most likely to raise prolactin, with others in the middle?

    “pelliparidone, which is probably the worst offender, then you have in the middle a lens of pain, a le residone, a certain pain and a suppressorone” — a guest, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, at 05:20

    the headline point holds: in the largest network meta-analysis of oral antipsychotics, paliperidone raised prolactin more than any of the 32 drugs compared, and its us label says the same thing in plainer words. olanzapine, asenapine and sertindole also raised prolactin significantly in that analysis, at levels below the top group.

28. confirmedPsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast·2026-10-01·5 primary sources

    are a bmi under 16, under 75% of expected weight, and rapid weight loss refeeding risks?

    “Less than 75% of expected body weight or BMI under 16 in adults, rapid or prolonged weight loss, even from a higher starting point.” — a host, a psychiatry resident, at 11:38

    The risk factors the resident listed are the ones the main refeeding guidance uses. A BMI under 16 puts an adult in the top risk tier under both the UK NICE criteria and the 2020 ASPEN consensus. Recent weight loss counts on its own, whatever the person's starting weight.

29. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-09-23·5 primary sources

    do risperidone and all first-generation antipsychotics reliably raise prolactin?

    “resparidone itself and all the first generation antipsychotics reliably cause hyperpolectenemia” — a guest, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, at 05:13

    this one holds up. risperidone raises prolactin in most people who take it, and first-generation antipsychotics raise it as a class. the FDA labels and the trial literature both say so.

30. overstatedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-09-23·4 primary sources

    are sexual side effects one of the most common reasons young people stop antipsychotics?

    “sexual side effects are one of the most common reasons that young people stop taking antipsychotics.” — a host, a clinician educator, at 00:29

    sexual side effects do push young people off antipsychotics. in a london cohort of 2,309 people with first-episode psychosis (mean age 26.7), people whose records noted sexual dysfunction stopped their first antipsychotic sooner (hazard ratio 1.59). sexual problems are also common and distressing, and they are underreported.

31. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-18·4 primary sources

    did the fda add a boxed warning on complex sleep behaviors to the z-drugs in 2019?

    “In 2019, the FDA added a boxed warning to this class.” — a host, at 01:58

    this one holds up. in 2019 the fda required a boxed warning about complex sleep behaviors (sleepwalking, sleep-driving and doing other things while not fully awake) on all three z-drugs: zolpidem, eszopiclone and zaleplon.

32. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-18·1 primary source· draft receipt

    did a jama psychiatry study analyze insurance claims from over 4 million pregnancies?

    “The researchers analyzed insurance claims from over 4 million pregnancies.” — a host, at 01:03

    the number holds up. the 2024 JAMA Psychiatry cohort study of prescription stimulants in pregnancy drew on Medicaid and MarketScan claims data, and it covered about 4.3 million pregnancies, comfortably over 4 million.

33. overstatedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-21·4 primary sources

    did nice conclude cbt beats antidepressants for milder depression, with fewer side effects?

    “nice, which is the British organization that passes on what treatments the National Health Service will support and which ones are uh sufficiently evidence-based, um has come to that same conclusion.” — a guest, a historian of psychiatry, at 09:51

    this part is true: NICE's 2022 adult depression guideline moved antidepressants down for less severe depression. it says they should not routinely be offered first-line unless that is the person's preference, and it places CBT and behavioural activation among its top-ranked first-line options.

34. confirmedHuberman Lab·2026-09-21·4 primary sources

    is the united states the biggest consumer of prescription drugs in the world?

    “aren't we the biggest consumer of prescription drugs in the whole world?” — a host, at 33:33

    measured in money, yes. in 2022 the united states accounted for 62.4 percent of all prescription drug sales across 34 wealthy countries, more than the other 33 combined, and its market is more than three times the size of the next-largest country's, china's.

35. unverifiablePsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-18·2 primary sources

    was the major malformation rate about 4% after first-trimester z-drug exposure in both data sets?

    “In both data sets, the rate of any major congenital malformation was 4% after an exposure” — a guest, Dr. Amanda Corrier, presenting for the Psychopharmacology Institute, at 05:17

    the study is real and says what the speaker says it says on the question that matters: in a JAMA Psychiatry cohort of 4.3 million pregnancies drawn from Medicaid and MarketScan insurance claims, first-trimester z-drug exposure was not linked to more major congenital malformations after adjustment (pooled relative risk 1.01, 95% CI 0.95-1.08).

36. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-18·3 primary sources

    was zolpidem fda approved in 1992 for short-term treatment of insomnia? yes

    “It was FDA approved in 1992 for short-term treatment of insomnia.” — a host, at 01:45

    The claim holds as stated. The FDA approval record shows zolpidem was first approved on december 16, 1992, and every FDA label we read gives "short-term treatment of insomnia" as its indication.

37. overstatedThe Peter Attia Drive·2026-08-31·3 primary sources

    are amitriptyline and nortriptyline rarely used for depression, at much lower migraine doses?

    “if we're using a medication like amatrippleene and norripane often the doses we're using are much lower than what would be needed to treat depression and rarely are these medications used to treat depression anymore.” — a guest, a headache neurologist, at 19:45

    the first half holds up where we could measure it: in a large canadian primary-care sample, tricyclics made up 2.7% of antidepressant prescriptions written for depression, and the main use of amitriptyline was pain, not mood. low doses such as 10–25 mg a day do show up in migraine trials, and those sit well below the 75–150 mg a day the us label gives for depression.

38. confirmedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-21·6 primary sources

    do cochrane reviews rate the evidence for cbt as low or moderate certainty at best?

    “The Cochrane reviews, which are systematic attempt to assess how strong the evidence for particular approaches to disease of all sorts are, say that at best the evidence for CBT is of low or medium confidence” — a guest, a historian of psychiatry, at 09:13

    the speaker is right about the cochrane reviews we read. across five cochrane reviews of cbt, covering anxiety in children, anxiety in older adults, chronic pain, tinnitus and insomnia in cancer, nothing was rated high certainty. the best rating anywhere was moderate, and most outcomes were low or very low.

39. confirmedThe Peter Attia Drive·2026-08-31·5 primary sources

    do depression and anxiety travel with migraine, in both directions?

    “person's mood depression anxiety are comorbid with migraine right they coexist at a higher than expected by chance and there's birectional relationship between mood disorders and migraine.” — a guest, a headache neurologist, at 58:00

    the neurologist is right on both counts as an epidemiologist would mean them: people with migraine have roughly double the odds of depression and anxiety, and in a community cohort followed over time, each condition predicted new onset of the other.

40. confirmedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-21·4 primary sources

    are most antidepressants prescribed by primary care doctors, not psychiatrists?

    “many of these things, particularly antidepressants, are dispensed by primary care docs, not not psychiatrists.” — a guest, a historian of psychiatry (Andrew Scull), at 12:39

    this one holds up. in the national survey data we read, about three in four us adults taking an antidepressant got it from a general medical provider, not a psychiatrist.

41. overstatedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-22·3 primary sources

    were there about 300 psychoanalysts in north america around 1930

    “circa 1930 there are probably 300 psychoanalysts in North America.” — a guest, at 29:54

    the speaker is right that psychoanalysis was a very small profession in north america around 1930. it was a few hundred people at most, not thousands. the institutes, training standards and journals that later made it dominant were only being built during that decade.

42. confirmedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-22·4 primary sources

    did an american neurologist develop the rest cure, aimed mainly at women?

    “something called the rest cure which Silas we Mitchell one of the leading lights of American neurology developed” — a guest, at 06:48

    the speaker has this right. the peer-reviewed historical literature credits the rest cure to the philadelphia physician the speaker named. it describes him as an american neurologist, and medical writers call him the "father of american neurology". the regime was close to what the claim sentence describes: weeks of strict bed rest, isolation, forced heavy feeding and no reading. it was mostly applied to women.

43. overstatedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-21·5 primary sources

    does cbt beat antidepressants for mild depression, with fewer side effects?

    “for the milder forms of depression, I think CBT works better than the drugs without some of the side effects that the the drugs have.” — a guest, a historian of psychiatry, at 09:39

    for milder depression the record does back two things: antidepressants barely beat a sugar pill, and cbt works about as well as the drugs while avoiding drug side effects like nausea and sexual problems. the speaker was right that there is no case for drugs being the better first choice for milder depression.

44. overstatedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-21·4 primary sources

    did major drug companies abandon psychiatric drug research?

    “the fact that major drug companies have abandoned research in this area” — a guest, a historian of psychiatry, at 04:28

    it's true that some of the largest drug companies pulled back hard from psychiatric drug research around 2010 to 2013. one closed its psychiatric labs entirely, another shut down its in-house psychiatric research, and a third cut its programs sharply. the federal mental-health research agency's own leadership called it a crisis at the time.

45. confirmedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-21·4 primary sources

    did remote therapy rise during covid when in-person visits stopped?

    “We did see the rise of some of this distant learning of this” — a guest, a historian of psychiatry, at 02:47

    the speaker is right: once in-person visits collapsed in spring 2020, mental health care moved to remote delivery. three separate us claims datasets and a survey of therapists all show it.

46. unverifiablePsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-14·3 primary sources

    did 35% on memantine vs 7.1% of controls rate very much improved in a 44-patient ocd study?

    “So 35% of the MEMINTINE group were related is very much improved. Only 7.1% of control subjects were related is improved.” — a guest, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh, at 04:04

    the study is real and the design matches the description: a single-blind case-control study of 44 patients with severe ocd in the mclean/massachusetts general hospital intensive residential treatment program, 22 of whom also got memantine. global improvement was measured on the clinical global impression scale, and every outcome we could read favored the memantine group.

47. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-14·4 primary sources

    is the worldwide lifetime prevalence of ocd roughly 1% to just over 2%?

    “Its worldwide lifetime prevalence is roughly 1 to just over 2%.” — a host, at 01:11

    the range the host gave matches the main record. a meta-analysis of 34 community studies from around the world puts lifetime OCD prevalence at 1.3%, and the large US national surveys put it at 2.3%. "roughly 1 to just over 2%" covers both.

48. confirmedPsychiatry & Psychotherapy Podcast·2026-09-26·2 primary sources

    did a study find 53% of women with postpartum psychosis have delusions about the infant?

    “Chandra, at all saying that the majority of women with postpartum psychosis, 53% have delusional ideas that are related to the infant specifically.” — a host, a psychiatrist, at 54:13

    the number is real and the attribution is right: a 2006 study by Chandra and colleagues reported that 53% of 108 women hospitalized with severe mental illness beginning after childbirth had delusions related to the infant.

49. unverifiablePsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-14·3 primary sources

    did riluzole beat placebo for treatment-resistant ocd in children? no, and the numbers mostly hold

    “The Y-box and the Real ESAW group decreased from 27 to a little under 22.” — a guest, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh, at 07:52

    the trial is real and the core of the claim holds: a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of add-on riluzole in 60 treatment-resistant children and teens with OCD found that both groups improved and there was no significant difference between riluzole and placebo. the riluzole group's endpoint score of a little under 22 matches the registered result (21.72).

50. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-09·3 primary sources

    did the sino trial randomize over 3,000 inpatients aged 18 to 45 at 32 hospitals in china?

    “It enrolled over 3000 hospitalized patients from 32 hospitals across China. Patients were 18 to 45 years old.” — a host, at 01:19

    every number in the sentence holds up. the published trial randomized 3,067 inpatients aged 18 to 45 with acutely ill schizophrenia at 32 hospitals, and companion papers on the same cohort place those hospitals in China.

51. confirmedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-22·3 primary sources

    were there hundreds of thousands of patients in us mental hospitals around 1930?

    “they can't treat that many patients a few thousand when there are hundreds of thousands in the hospitals” — a guest, at 30:10

    the speaker is right. around 1930, us mental hospitals held a few hundred thousand patients. the census bureau's own series puts it at about 353,000 at the end of 1931 and about 445,000 by 1940.

52. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-09·2 primary sources

    is the labeled adult aripiprazole dose for schizophrenia 10-15 mg a day, with a 30 mg maximum

    “The labeled adult dose for schizophrenia is 10-15 mg a day. The maximum is 30 mg a day.” — a host, at 13:52

    the host has it right. the current FDA-approved labeling for oral aripiprazole lists 10 to 15 mg/day as both the starting and recommended dose for adults with schizophrenia, and 30 mg/day as the maximum.

53. confirmedThe Carlat Psychiatry Podcast·2026-10-12·2 primary sources

    did each point of baseline ocd severity cut the odds of ssri response by about 8%?

    “every one point increase in baseline severity lowered the odds of response by about 8%.” — a host, a psychiatrist, at 05:10

    the number is right and it is the paper's own number. a 2025 individual-participant meta-analysis of placebo-controlled ssri trials in children and adolescents with ocd reports that for each one-point increase in baseline cy-bocs, the odds of being a responder fell by 8% in the treatment group relative to the placebo group.

54. confirmedThe Carlat Psychiatry Podcast·2026-10-12·3 primary sources

    did a 2025 study pool four trials of more than 600 kids aged 6 to 18 with ocd? yes

    “a 2025 study by Cohen and colleagues who'll data from four randomized controlled trials involving more than 600 children and adolescents, ages 6 to 18 with OCD.” — a host, a psychiatrist, at 02:22

    The description holds. The 2025 Cohen et al. paper is an individual participant data meta-analysis of four randomized, placebo-controlled trials of SSRIs for pediatric OCD. It covers 614 patients, and the authors split them into age bands of 6 to 11 and 12 to 18.

55. unverifiablePsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-09·4 primary sources

    did aripiprazole have the lowest sedation rate, 4%, of seven antipsychotics in the sino trial?

    “aeropipersol only had four percent sedation. The lowest of all anti-psychotics, which is truly a novel finding that had not been reported previously using a good measure of sedation.” — a guest, a psychiatrist (co-director of the MGH Psychosis Clinical and Research program), at 07:58

    the main point holds: in the SINO trial, which randomized 3,067 inpatients to one of seven antipsychotics, the published abstract says aripiprazole was the least sedating, with relative risks of 0.30 to 0.39 against each of the other six drugs. what we could not check is the specific 4% figure, because it is not in the abstract and the full paper was closed to us.

56. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-09·1 primary source· draft receipt

    did haloperidol cause the most movement side effects of seven antipsychotics in the sino trial

    “Hello Paridol had the highest rate of extra pyramidal symptoms of all anti-psychotics, including when directly compared with Prefenisine.” — a guest, a psychiatrist (co-director of the MGH Psychosis Clinical and Research program), at 07:44

    the trial exists and the abstract supports the claim. In a 32-hospital randomized trial of seven antipsychotics in 3,067 acutely ill adults with schizophrenia, the authors report that "haloperidol was associated with a higher risk of extrapyramidal symptoms than all other drugs," and the other drugs include perphenazine, the other first-generation drug in the trial.

57. overstatedThe Carlat Psychiatry Podcast·2026-10-12·2 primary sources

    were kids on ssris nearly twice as likely to respond in the 2025 pediatric ocd meta-analysis?

    “kids taking SSRIs turned out to be nearly twice as likely to achieve a treatment response, which they define as at least a 35% reduction in symptoms.” — a host, a psychiatrist, at 04:04

    the study is real and was described correctly: a 2025 meta-analysis of individual participant data in the journal of the american academy of child and adolescent psychiatry defined response as a reduction of at least 35% on the children's yale-brown obsessive-compulsive scale (cy-bocs), and found a response odds ratio of 1.89 in favor of ssris over placebo. "nearly twice" is a fair reading of 1.89.

58. falseHuberman Lab·2026-09-14·5 primary sources

    did about 100,000 people in the us die of opioid overdoses last year?

    “100,000 people died of, you know, opiate overdoses or something last year.” — a guest, Arthur Brooks, professor and happiness researcher, at 2:31:04

    the 100,000 figure is real: cdc's final counts show more than 100,000 us drug overdose deaths in each of 2021, 2022 and 2023 (106,699, 107,941 and 105,007), and opioids were involved in roughly three out of four of them.

59. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-03·3 primary sources

    did fluvoxamine get fda approval for ocd in 1994?

    “Fluvoxamine received FDA approval for OCD in 1994.” — a host, at 01:27

    the host has it right: the FDA first approved fluvoxamine on december 5, 1994, and the indication it was approved for, then and now, is obsessive-compulsive disorder.

60. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-03·3 primary sources

    is fluvoxamine fda approved for ocd in adults and children eight and older?

    “It's approved for adults and for children eight and older.” — a host, at 01:32

    this one holds up. the current FDA label for fluvoxamine immediate-release tablets lists OCD as the indication and gives dosing for adults and for children and adolescents aged 8 to 17.

61. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-03·3 primary sources

    does the fluvoxamine label allow adult ocd doses up to 300 mg a day?

    “Its label already allows adult OCD doses up to 300 milligrams a day.” — a host, at 01:41

    the speaker is right: every current fluvoxamine label we read caps the adult ocd dose at 300 mg a day, in those exact words: "not to exceed 300 mg per day." that applies to both the immediate-release tablets and the extended-release capsules.

62. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-10-03·4 primary sources

    is fluvoxamine fda approved for major depression? no, its u.s. labels list only ocd

    “Unlike several other SSRIs, it isn't FDA approved for major depression.” — a host, at 01:36

    the host is right. every current FDA label we read for fluvoxamine, both the immediate-release tablets and the extended-release capsules, lists obsessive compulsive disorder as the only indication. major depressive disorder isn't there.

63. confirmedThe Carlat Psychiatry Podcast·2026-10-12·3 primary sources

    do ssris lower pediatric ocd scores by only about 3 points more than placebo?

    “On average, SSRIs reduce sidebox scores by about three points more than placebo, not very much.” — a host, a psychiatrist, at 03:07

    the number is right. a 2025 individual-participant-data meta-analysis of four placebo-controlled trials in children and adolescents with OCD found that SSRIs lowered CY-BOCS scores by 3.0 points more than placebo (95% CI 2.5 to 3.5).

64. confirmedPsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast·2026-09-01·3 primary sources

    does the aripiprazole label call for half the dose with a strong cyp2d6 inhibitor like bupropion?

    “air-pipersol's drug label recommends reducing its dose by half when coprescribed with a strong 2D6 inhibitor like bupropion.” — a host, a psychiatry resident, at 16:37

    the speaker has the label right. the current aripiprazole prescribing information tells prescribers to "administer half of usual dose" when aripiprazole is taken with a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor, and FDA's own reference table lists bupropion as a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor.

65. confirmedPsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast·2026-09-01·2 primary sources

    can carbamazepine lower quetiapine levels by 80-90%? the primary record says yes

    “carbamazepine can substantially lower quityapine levels, even by as much as 80-90%.” — a host, a psychiatry resident, at 08:55

    the speaker has this right. in the dedicated interaction study, carbamazepine cut quetiapine peak levels by 80% and raised its clearance 7.5-fold, and a large drug-monitoring dataset found dose-corrected quetiapine levels 86% lower in people also taking carbamazepine.

66. misattributedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-20·5 primary sources

    did 67% to 82% of catie patients quit their antipsychotic because it failed or because of side effects?

    “Between 67% and 82% of the patients, depending on which drug they were on, dropped out of the trial because either the drug wasn't working or they couldn't stand the side effects.” — a guest, a historian of psychiatry (Andrew Scull), at 19:40

    The trial is real and the scale is close: in the NIMH-funded CATIE trial, published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2005, 74% of patients stopped their first assigned antipsychotic within 18 months. By drug, the rates ran from 64% to 82%, so the top of the speaker's range is exactly right.

67. overstatedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-20·4 primary sources

    did the catie trial find the newer antipsychotics no more effective than the older drug?

    “Are the new drugs more efficacious than the old drug? No.” — a guest, a historian of psychiatry (Andrew Scull), at 19:24

    the core of this is right. in the CATIE trial, published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2005, the older drug perphenazine did about as well as three of the four newer drugs tested (quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone), and the trial's funder, NIMH, summarized it as the newer drugs having "no substantial advantage" over the older one.

68. overstatedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-20·4 primary sources

    does nice say cbt works better than antidepressants for milder depression?

    “Uh and indeed, NICE, which is the British organization that passes on what treatments the National Health Service will support and which ones are uh sufficiently evidence-based, um has come to that same conclusion.” — a guest, historian of psychiatry (Andrew Scull), at 18:12

    the policy part is right: england's 2022 depression guideline (ng222) says not to routinely offer antidepressants as first-line treatment for less severe depression unless the person prefers them, and it lists cbt among the options it puts ahead of medication.

69. confirmedPsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast·2026-09-01·3 primary sources

    does smoking lower clozapine and olanzapine levels by 30-50%?

    “This induction can lower clasapine and olanzapine levels by as much as 30-50% compared to non-smokers.” — a host, a psychiatry resident, at 06:51

    the speaker is right: tobacco smoke induces cyp1a2, and the main pooled analysis puts the gap at about 30% for olanzapine and about 50% for clozapine. the 30-50% range matches that meta-analysis.

70. unverifiableThe Carlat Psychiatry Podcast·2026-09-28·2 primary sources

    did 15% of 687 psychiatry referrals get a brief phone consult instead of an assessment?

    “Among the 687 referrals over seven months, only a small minority, 15%, were handled with this brief phone consultation.” — a host, a psychiatrist, at 13:46

    the study exists and the frame is right: a 2026 Community Mental Health Journal quality-improvement paper reports that 687 outpatient psychiatry referrals were reviewed between November 2022 and May 2023, which is seven months, and that psychiatrist-led phone consultation was part of the new triage model. the first author's surname is spelled Guaiana in the record.

71. confirmedPsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast·2026-10-01·3 primary sources

    is bupropion contraindicated in people with current or past anorexia or bulimia?

    “Bupropion is contraindicated in patients with current or prior and erectionerbosa, or bulimian herbosa.” — a host, a psychiatry resident, at 12:29

    the resident has it right. us bupropion labels for both the immediate-release and extended-release tablets list a current or prior diagnosis of bulimia or anorexia nervosa as a contraindication, and the reason given is a higher rate of seizures.

72. confirmedPsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast·2026-09-01·5 primary sources

    are cyp2d6 poor metabolizers 5-10% of people of european ancestry?

    “poor metabolizers make up roughly 5-10% of people of European ancestry,” — a host, a psychiatry resident, at 05:28

    the band is right. the primary record puts cyp2d6 poor metabolizers in european-ancestry populations squarely inside 5-10%, and fda labels print that exact range.

73. undersoldPsychEd: Educational Psychiatry Podcast·2026-10-01·4 primary sources

    is a heart rate below 40 the guideline line for urgent admission in eating disorders?

    “Widely-sided indications for urgent admission can include a low heart rate below 40, with below 50 also being considered clinically significant.” — a host, a psychiatry resident, at 09:01

    a resting heart rate below 40 does show up as an admission threshold in some eating-disorder guidance, and a heart rate below 50 is a recognized red flag. the speaker has both numbers in the right range.

74. unverifiablePsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-09-29·3 primary sources

    did a new meta-analysis find trazodone cut depression scores by an smd of 0.365 across eight trials?

    “Trasadone significantly reduces severity of depression compared to controls with the standardized mean difference of 0.365.” — a guest, Dr. Paul Sarkowski (clinician presenting the meta-analysis), at 04:37

    the effect size is right. the 2026 meta-analysis in Psychopharmacology reports that trazodone reduced depression severity on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale with an SMD of -0.365 (95% CI -0.480 to -0.249, p < 0.001), which matches the 0.365 the speaker quoted, and the result is statistically significant.

75. unverifiablePsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-09-29·3 primary sources

    did a meta-analysis find trazodone improved sleep quality versus placebo by an smd of 0.827?

    “The Trasadone group demonstrated significant improvements in sleep quality compared to placebo with a standardized mean difference of 0.827.” — a guest, Dr. Paul Sarkowski (clinician presenting the meta-analysis), at 04:15

    the number is right. a 2025 meta-analysis in psychopharmacology reports that trazodone improved pittsburgh sleep quality index scores with a standardized mean difference of -0.827 (95% ci -1.331 to -0.323, p = 0.001), the same magnitude the speaker quoted, and the minus sign just means lower, better psqi scores.

76. overstatedHuberman Lab·2026-10-01·5 primary sources

    do adhd stimulants and modafinil all increase dopamine in the brain

    “there is of course aderall, rolin, vivance, modafanyl, arm modafanyl, a number of different compounds, all of which generally increase dopamine transmission in the brain.” — a host, a neuroscientist, at 33:05

    The core of the statement holds up. FDA labels say amphetamines (including the dextroamphetamine that lisdexamfetamine turns into) and methylphenidate block dopamine reuptake and increase dopamine release. The modafinil and armodafinil labels say both drugs bind the dopamine transporter and block dopamine reuptake, and a human PET study measured higher extracellular dopamine after therapeutic doses of modafinil.

77. overstatedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-09-23·4 primary sources

    does adding aripiprazole to another antipsychotic reliably lower prolactin?

    “aeripipyzole specifically if you add it to an antipsychotic, it will actually reliably lower prolactin levels.” — a guest, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, at 05:45

    the core of the claim holds up. in randomized trials, adding aripiprazole to a prolactin-raising antipsychotic lowers prolactin more than placebo does, and a 2022 network meta-analysis rated the evidence for adjunctive aripiprazole as high certainty.

78. misattributedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-21·4 primary sources

    do antidepressants beat placebo by only one or two points on depression scales?

    “if you improve on one of the major scales that's used by one or two points on a 60-point scale, it may be enough to show statistical significance” — a guest, a historian of psychiatry (Andrew Scull), at 09:24

    the speaker has the size right. on the scale most antidepressant trials used, the average gap between drug and placebo is about 1.8 to 2.1 points. that number is statistically solid, and it falls below the clinical-benefit cutoffs those same papers cite.

79. confirmedHuberman Lab·2026-09-28·5 primary sources

    is compass pathways' psilocybin therapy close to fda approval?

    “psilocybin coming from Compass uh a company called Compass Pathways is also close.” — a guest, author and journalist, at 1:48:38

    the speaker is right: compass pathways' psilocybin program for treatment-resistant depression is the closest any classic psychedelic has come to a u.s. approval decision. two phase 3 trials met their primary endpoints, the fda allowed a rolling new drug application and gave the program a national priority voucher, and the company expects to finish its submission in q4 2026.

80. confirmedThe Peter Attia Drive·2026-10-05·4 primary sources

    do guidelines recommend depression screening during pregnancy and after birth?

    “Um we do have standard screening that's recommended during you know both during pregnancy for depression and um postpartum.” — a guest, an obstetrician (maternal-fetal medicine physician-scientist), at 34:23

    the speaker is right. US guidelines recommend screening for depression both during pregnancy and after birth: the US Preventive Services Task Force does, obstetricians' and pediatricians' professional bodies have written guidance on it, and the task force's statement names pregnant and postpartum persons explicitly.

81. confirmedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-21·3 primary sources

    do 40% or more of people with depression not respond to antidepressants?

    “We're talking 40 or north of 40% who aren't responding.” — a guest, a historian of psychiatry (Andrew Scull), at 11:48

    the number holds up. in the largest real-world antidepressant study the US government funded, about half of patients did not respond to the first drug they were given, so "40 or north of 40%" is a fair, even conservative, way to put it.

82. overstatedHuberman Lab·2026-09-28·3 primary sources

    does one executive order fast-track both ibogaine and other psychedelics?

    “The same um executive order that um is fasttracking Ibeane is fasttracking other psychedelics.” — a guest, author and journalist, at 1:48:17

    the speaker is right. a single executive order, EO 14401 of april 18, 2026, names ibogaine and also directs federal agencies to speed up psychedelic drugs more broadly, so "the same order" covers both.

83. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-09-29·3 primary sources

    did the fda approve trazodone for depression in 1981?

    “The FDA approved Trasadone for depression back in 1981.” — a host, at 01:19

    the host has this right. FDA's own approval database shows trazodone's original application was approved on december 24, 1981, as a new molecular entity, and the FDA label lists depression as the condition it treats.

84. falseHuberman Lab·2026-09-28·4 primary sources

    is ibogaine on track for fda approval before mdma or psilocybin?

    “Ibagane, the one psychedelic that no one's would even want to use recreationally, is going to get there first.” — a host, at 1:47:42

    ibogaine does have real federal momentum. an april 2026 executive order names "ibogaine compounds" twice, and on october 5, 2026 the fda put out a formal request for input on how ibogaine trials should be run, alongside early-phase trials funded by arpa-h and nida.

85. overstatedHuberman Lab·2026-09-28·3 primary sources

    has ibogaine never been tested in university drug trials?

    “hasn't been, by the way, subjected to university drug trials,” — a guest, author and journalist, at 1:47:50

    the most prominent university work on ibogaine, the stanford veterans study, is not a drug trial: stanford measured veterans before and after treatment, but the ibogaine itself was given at a private clinic near tijuana, and the paper says "stanford played no role in ibogaine administration." no randomized, placebo-controlled trial run by a university has shown that ibogaine itself works, and a 2026 review of thirty years of research says the evidence is not yet enough to support clinical use.

86. confirmedThe Peter Attia Drive·2026-10-05·3 primary sources

    was medicaid postpartum coverage limited to 60 days before states extended it?

    “Um it's been like 60 60 days.” — a guest, an obstetrician (maternal-fetal medicine physician-scientist), at 55:03

    the speaker is right. federal medicaid law has long required pregnancy-related coverage through a 60-day postpartum period, and before 2022 most states stopped coverage at that point.

87. overstatedHuberman Lab·2026-10-01·6 primary sources

    are methylphenidate, modafinil and armodafinil all stimulants used for adhd?

    “rolin, modafanyl, arm modafanyl, all these things are stimulants.” — a host, a neuroscientist, at 34:24

    The speaker is right that all three count as stimulants in the federal record: methylphenidate's label calls it a central nervous system stimulant, and the drug enforcement agency's rule scheduling modafinil calls it "a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant", covering its isomers, which includes armodafinil. The claim goes further than the record on ADHD: only methylphenidate is approved for it.

88. overstatedLex Fridman Podcast·2026-09-21·3 primary sources

    does nice tell clinicians in england to use cbt rather than antidepressants first?

    “groups like NICE in England are saying use CBT as the first line, not drugs.” — a guest, a historian of psychiatry (Andrew Scull), at 11:07

    this part is true: england's depression guideline (nice ng222, june 2022) tells clinicians not to routinely offer antidepressants as first-line treatment for less severe depression unless the person makes an informed choice to take them, and cbt is one of the first-line options it recommends. in the evidence review nice commissioned, antidepressants showed no evidence of effect in less severe depression, and group cbt did.

89. confirmedHuberman Lab·2026-10-01·5 primary sources

    is taking someone else's adhd stimulant illegal and risky for addiction and side effects?

    “they can have a number of other side effects outside the context of clinically diagnosed and prescribed ADHD medication.” — a host, a neuroscientist, at 35:17

    The claim holds up. In the u.s., having a prescription stimulant you weren't prescribed is a federal crime, and the fda's own 2023 safety notice says nonmedical use is linked to a higher risk of substance use disorder and can lead to overdose and death.

90. confirmedHuberman Lab·2026-10-01·4 primary sources

    do stimulants calm children with adhd instead of making them more hyperactive?

    “giving that to a kid who has severe ADHD, you would think would make them rem more rambunctious, less able to focus, and more distractable overall.” — a host, a neuroscientist, at 34:12

    the speaker is right on the main point: in randomized trials, stimulants given to children with adhd lower hyperactivity and inattention ratings over the short term. they do not make those symptoms worse.

91. confirmedPsychopharmacology and Psychiatry Updates·2026-09-29·3 primary sources

    did blurred vision have an odds ratio of 18 in the trazodone-for-sleep-in-depression meta-analysis?

    “As per side effects, blurred vision was most common with an odds ratio of 18 compared to placebo.” — a guest, Dr. Paul Sarkowski (clinician presenting the meta-analysis), at 05:02

    The number is real. A 2026 meta-analysis of trazodone for sleep problems in depression reports an odds ratio for blurred vision of 17.50, which rounds to the 18 the speaker gave.

92. misattributeda Substack newsletter·2026-03-10·4 primary sources

    are toddlers on medicaid being put on anti-anxiety drugs in large numbers

    “we call it medicine: the mass psychiatric drugging of poor children” — a author, a clinical psychologist writing on his own newsletter, at 00:00

    The underlying worry is real and the public record backs it: in the 2025 reporting year the median state documented first-line psychosocial care for only 59.2 percent of children aged 1 to 11 starting an antipsychotic, got both required metabolic blood tests for 29.1 percent of young children on two or more antipsychotic prescriptions, and saw 47.6 percent of children newly prescribed an ADHD medicine again within 30 days. Those are the states' own numbers.

what this is not

not medical advice, and not a reason to start, stop or change a medication; those decisions belong with the person taking it and their prescriber. not a takedown of any host or guest: small true errors stay off the public reply and live only here, because including them turns a contribution into a takedown. and not a feed we re-host: every entry links the original at the timestamp and quotes one sentence under fair use.

if you have the file behind a claim we marked unverifiable, we want it. the research board is the place; people can answer there.